整理/秦珍子 制图/李晗

诗无达诂

“诗无达诂”原指《诗经》没有恒定不变的训诂或解释，后用为文学鉴赏与批评术语，泛指由于时代变化与鉴赏者的思想、阅历、修养等个性差异，对同一作品往往有不同的解释或解读，是由汉代大儒董仲舒提出的。作为一种文学理论，“诗无达诂”属于鉴赏论，侧重于读者感受，体现出不同读者在文本解读与艺术审美上的差异性；同时，诗歌语言具有暗示、含蓄、曲折的特点，言不尽意，所以不能仅照字面意思直解，读者须按照自己的理解、想象与学识，以心会心，体悟诗中的寄托和寓意。“诗无达诂”的价值在于揭示了作品自身语义的模糊性与解释者个人的差异性，但不等于可以随意解释作品的意义。

Poetry Defies Fixed Interpretation.

This term originally referred to the absence of a universally accepted interpretation or explanation of The Book of Songs. It was first put forward by the great Han Dynasty Confucian scholar Dong Zhongshu. Later, it came to be used as a general term in literary criticism, which suggests that as the result of the changing historical conditions and different life experiences of readers there bound to be varied interpretations or explanations of the same literary work. As a view of literary theory, it is concerned with different readers' divergent interpretations of a text and its aesthetic values. This view argues that as poetic terms are suggestive, ambiguous, and intricate, readers should not settle for a superficial understanding of a poem. Instead, they should delve into the poet's heart and develop their own understanding, interpretation, and insight of his poem. The argument that there is no fixed interpretation of poems is valid, because it shows that poetic language can be ambiguous in meaning and that interpretations can therefore vary. However, this does not mean that one should interpret a poem too freely.

引例

所闻《诗》无达诂，《易》无达占，《春秋》无达辞。从变从义，而一以奉人[天]。 （董仲舒《春秋繁露·精华》）（我听说《诗经》没有恒定不变的解释，《周易》没有恒定不变的占卜，《春秋》没有恒定不变的词句。遵从变通的原则，遵从经典的本来意义，将两者合一即可不违背天道或圣人的思想[天道]。）

I hear that there is no fixed interpretation of The Book of Songs, no fixed divination in The Book of Changes, and no unchangeable wording in The Spring and Autumn Annals. We should obey principles flexibly and capture the underlying messages of classics. Then, we should merge these two aspects into one without violating sages’ moral instructions or the way of heaven. (Dong Zhongshu: Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn Annals)

来源：中国青年报

2026年10月05日 01版